An Adaptive Array Excitation Scheme for the Unidirectional Enhancement of Guided Waves

Control over the direction of wave propagation allows an engineer to spatially locate defects. When imaging with longitudinal waves, time delays can be applied to each element of a phased array transducer to steer a beam. Because of the highly dispersive nature of guided waves (GWs), this beamsteering approach is suboptimal. More appropriate time delays can be chosen to direct a GW if the dispersion relation of the material is known. Existing techniques, however, need
a priori
knowledge of material thickness and acoustic velocity, which change as a function of temperature and strain. The scheme presented here does not require prior knowledge of the dispersion relation or properties of the specimen to direct a GW. Initially, a GW is generated using a single element of an array transducer. The acquired waveforms from the remaining elements are then processed and retransmitted, constructively interfering with the wave as it travels across the spatial influence of the transducer. The scheme intrinsically compensates for the dispersion of the waves, and thus can adapt to changes in material thickness and acoustic velocity. The proposed technique is demonstrated in simulation and experimentally. Dispersion curves from either side of the array are acquired to demonstrate the scheme’s ability to direct a GW in an aluminum plate. The results show that unidirectional enhancement is possible without
a priori
knowledge of the specimen using an arbitrary pitch array transducer. The experimental results show a 34-dB enhancement in one direction compared with the other.