Direction finding using an antenna with direction dependent impulse response

Wideband antennas may be designed to have an impulse response that is direction dependent. This property can be used for angle-of-arrival estimation using a single fixed antenna, without the need for an array or antenna rotation. The method is demonstrated using a simple candelabra-shaped monopole operating in the 1-3 GHz range. A known transmitted pulse and high signal-to-noise ratio are needed, and the method is not as accurate or robust as conventional methods. However, it can add direction finding capability to a wideband communication system without additional hardware requirements.