RSM and VSM: Two New Routing Protocols for Underwater WSNs

Due to unique characteristics of underwater environment, it is difficult to achieve energy efficiency, high throughput and low bit error rate. Radio signals do not propagate well in underwater environment so acoustic signals are used for communication. Acoustic signals offer low bandwidth, high bit error rate, low throughput and high end-to-end delay. Data packets often loose their path which effect throughput. To increase throughput, we proposed two schemes i.e. Regional Sink Mobility (RSM) and Vertical Sink Mobility (VSM). Sensor node does not need to have information of all other nodes. It only needs information of nodes closer to it. In RSM, we divide whole network into three regions of equal size. There is a mobile sink in each region. Sensor nodes either send data packets directly to sink or through neighbors if sink is in transmission range of any neighbor. In VSM, complete field is divided into ten equal sized regions. There are three mobile sinks. Data transmission mechanism is same as of RSM. At the end, extensive simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of proposed schemes.