MMC‐HVDC Standards and Commissioning Procedures

Most of the modular multilevel converter high‐voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) projects are planned and developed as point‐to‐point transmission scheme projects, where the HVDC equipment are designed, manufactured, and installed by the same HVDC original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The HVDC project customers define the functional requirements, including the grid‐code requirements that must be fulfilled by the procured equipment. Different grid codes impose different sets of technical requirements which must be fulfilled by the voltage‐source converter HVDC (VSC‐HVDC) equipment. There are ongoing efforts by European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO‐E) to harmonize the European grid codes. This chapter provides an overview of standards applicable to HVDC equipment developed by professional associations in the field of MMC‐HVDC technology. CIGRE Study Committee B4 (SC B4) addresses all the relevant target groups in the power industry interested in different aspects of power electronics, HVDC, and flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS).