A Clustering Algorithm for WSN to Optimize the Network Lifetime Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Model

In past few years the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasing tremendously in different applications such as disaster management, security surveillance, border protection, combat field reconnaissance etc. Sensors are expected to deploy remotely in huge numbers and coordinate with each other where human attendant is not practically feasible. These tiny sensor nodes are operated by battery power and the battery operated sensor node cannot be recharged or replaced very easily. So, minimization of energy consumption to prolong the network life is an important issue. To resolve this issue, sensor nodes are sometimes combined to form a group and each group is known as a cluster. In each cluster, a leader node is elected which is called as the cluster head (CH). When any event is detected, each node senses the environment and sends to the respective cluster heads. Then cluster heads send the information to the base station (BS). So, appropriate cluster head election can reduce considerable amount of energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a cluster head election algorithm using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic, by considering some fuzzy descriptors such as remaining battery power, distance to base station, and concentration, which is expected to minimize energy consumption and extends the network lifetime.