First-order differential microphone arrays from a time-domain broadband perspective

Differential microphone arrays (DMAs) have a great potential to overcome some of the problems of additive arrays and provide high spatial gain relative to their small size. In this work, we present a time-domain formulation for implementing first-order DMAs, which is very important for some applications in which minimal delay is required, such as real-time communications. We present a design example for first-order DMAs illustrating some of the fundamental properties of the time-domain implementation as well as the equivalence to the frequency-domain implementation.