Fully differential sigma-delta modulator structure for current-mode sensors

Many emerging systems, such as smart sensor interfaces for cyber-physical systems (CpS), require energy efficient analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Low-order, continuous-time (CT), current-mode (CM) sigma-delta modulators (SDMs) can be an attractive solution due to their intrinsic ability to operate with ultra-low voltage signal swings, without requiring any voltage-mode amplifiers, whilst providing significant energy savings. A first-order, continuous-time, current-mode Sigma-Delta modulator (SDM) with high energy efficiency is proposed. The SDM, designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology.