Improved energy management for a power-split multi-source fuel cell vehicle based on optimal source sizing and regenerative braking

One of the most important challenges in fuel cell/battery/ultracapacitor energy storage is to design an excellent power distribution. Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)/ battery/ ultracapacitor power system is regarded as mainly alternative option of power solutions in transport applications because of its zero emission and energy saving comparing to internal combustion engine (ICE). In this work, PEMFC/battery/ultracapacitor is applied to SAMAND (Iran National Car) as hybrid energy storage system. This paper addresses the design of an effective energy management strategy that its optimization problem is formulated to optimize the fuel consumption, battery life and energy saving in order to save most of regenerative braking energy in repetitive braking. In this energy management strategy, various drive cycle datasets are implemented in order to achieve the best performance of vehicle in saving regenerative braking energy regarded to the effective energy management.