Traceable type N calibration kit: DC to 1 GHz

This paper describes a type N (7 mm) calibration kit (male and female) composed of open, short and load standards. These standards can be used to calibrate vector network analyzers (VNAs) with type N connectors from dc to 1 GHz. These standards can be considered as an alternative to the air line standard to establish the traceability of scattering parameters (S-parameters) in this frequency range. The design and 3-D electromagnetic simulations of the standards are described as well as a comparison between the TRL measurements and modelling results of the reflection coefficient Γ of the standards.