High-frequency continuous-wave electroporation of Jurkat human lymphoma cells

Electroporation of Jurkat human lymphoma cells were investigated under 10-MHz continuous waves and benchmarked against that at 100 kHz. Both cell poration and cell death were monitored in real time by fluorescence microscopy and found to occur at approximately three times higher voltages at 10 MHz than that at 100 kHz. This difference in voltage could not be completely accounted for by order-of-magnitude estimate of cytoplasm resistance and membrane capacitance. Better modeling and simulation of the cell structure and property are required to accurately predict the frequency dependence of electroporation.