A fully-integrated digitally-programmable 4×4 picosecond digital-to-impulse radiating array in 65nm bulk CMOS

In this paper, a fully-integrated 4×4 digital-toimpulse radiating array with a programmable delay at each element is reported. Coherent spatial combining from 16 elements is successfully demonstrated. The combined signal from 16 elements achieves a jitter of 230fsec, a pulse width of 14psec, and an EIRP of 17dBm. Each array element is equipped with an 8-bit digitally-programmable delay that provides a step resolution of 200fsec and a dynamic range of 20psec. The chip is implemented in a 65nm bulk CMOS process.