Review of past, present, and future plasma models for electrothermal plasma discharge simulation

Summary form only given. Electrothermal (ET) plasma discharges have captured the interest of researchers due to their wide range of applicability. They have been investigated for their application to solid propellant ignition, electric propulsion, high heat flux experiments, and fusion fuel pellet injection. ET plasma discharges involve the passage of high currents (order of tens of kA) through narrow channels (usually millimeters in diameter and centimeters in length). The plasma arc that forms inside the discharge radiates heat to the channel's walls and ablation is induced. The partially ionized plasma that results is then ejected into an exit chamber. The history of the simulation and modeling capabilities of ET plasma discharge devices is a history that spans nearly three decades. During this time, numerical models have progressed from 0D and steady state models to 2D and timedependent models. This progression has not been a steady progression, and recent studies have utilized 0D models even though 1D models are relatively prevalent. Semi-2D models have also been developed in an attempt to better understand the radial gradients inside ET plasma discharges. Twodimensional simulations of boundary layer flow inside ET plasma discharges have also been performed. More recently, fully-2D simulations of ET plasma discharges have appeared. In this work, a review of the history of the simulation and modeling capabilities of ET plasma discharges is presented. Some models are selected to discuss in detail. In addition, speculations are made regarding likely future models that will advance capabilities, enhance model consistency, and combine many of the fundamental physics involved inside these devices.