A survey on simulating real-time crowd simulation

Studies on crowd simulation have been around us for nearly 30 years. It remains one of the important and fundamental fields in three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics. Simulating large amount of crowds such as the crowd during Hajj is never an easy task. It requires us to understand a wide body of knowledge which includes computer science, mathematics, physics and social science. This paper describes the fundamental and important components of developing a crowd simulation system.