Integration of renewable resources into Low Voltage grids stochastically

In this paper, unbalanced power flow calculations were used to study the effects of stochastically integrated Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into a distribution network. The considered DER were Electric Vehicles (EVs), Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs), and Photovoltaic arrays (PVs). Daily profiles of residential loads and DER were synthesized with a one-minute time resolution. For the considered network, specific nodes were allocated to record the range of voltage magnitudes, voltage unbalances, power factors, and energy losses. Thousands of unbalanced power flow simulations were performed. It was observed that power factors can significantly deteriorate with more installations of PVs. Undesired fluctuations of voltage magnitude and voltage unbalance occur with additional integrations of EVs and ASHPs.