Biased estimators for spinning antenna DOA measurements

We propose biased estimators to find the direction of arrival of emitters present in the mainlobe of a spinning antenna-based electronic intelligence system. The proposed estimators were constructed by using Bayesian techniques and by performing a linear transformation and an affine transformation on the maximum likelihood estimator. From a Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results, we demonstrate that the proposed estimators outperform the limit set by the popular performance benchmark, the Cramer-Rao lower bound.