Picosecond-resolution 'slice' emittance measurement of electron-bunches

The slice emittance diagnostic is applicable to particle bunches in a linac that are of the order of a few degrees of phase long. In this technique, the transverse phase space of a longitudinal slice about one degree long is measured. The slice emittance diagnostic has been demonstrated on an electron bunch produced by a laser-photocathode RF gun. We measured the transverse beam matrix of one picosecond slices out of a 10 picosecond long bunch (about 10 degrees at the RF frequency of 2856 MHz). To implement this diagnostic one needs a phase shifter on part of the linac, a momentum analyzer (a dipole magnet followed by a slit) and a transverse emittance measuring system following the analyzer. By dephasing the last section (or sections) of the linac, longitudinal position in the bunch is correlated with energy. The momentum analyzer selects a short longitudinal slice by discriminating on energy and the transverse phase space of this slice is measured downstream of the analyzer. The slice emittance diagnostic, particularly in conjunction with tomographic analysis of the transverse phase space of the slices, provides significant new information about the 6-D phase space distribution of the beam. The experimental work done with this diagnostic has been used to study the details of the important emittance compensation method that is in wide use in photoinjectors. This diagnostic makes it possible to take the emittance compensation method a step further and apply non-linear emittance compensation for higher brightness beams.