Modeling Rabi oscillation by rigorously solving Maxwell-Schrödinger equation

When an atom (or two-level system) is illuminated by a coherent beam of photons, it will cyclically absorb photons and re-emit them by stimulated emission, which is called Rabi oscillation. By using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, Maxwell-Schrödinger equation is solved for modeling the Rabi oscillation. The proposed method is compared with the existing approximate theoretical models. It is found that these approximate models break down in certain cases where a rigorous self-consistent numerical approach is needed. This work is helpful for the EM simulation of emerging nanodevices or next-generation quantum electrodynamic systems.