A Real-Time Charging Scheme for Demand Response in Electric Vehicle Parking Station

Demand response (DR) is a vital part in smart grid to restore the balance between electricity demand and supply. In this paper, a real-time charging scheme is proposed to coordinate the electric vehicle (EV) charging and accommodate DR programs in the parking station. The charging scheduling is formulated as a binary optimization problem because the on-off strategy is leveraged to achieve faster charging speed of EV. Given the computationally expensive nature of exhaustive search in solving the optimal solution of binary optimization problem, a convex relaxation method is developed as an alternative to compute the near-optimal charging schedules. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed work is able to satisfy EV charging demand while accommodating both types of DR programs in the parking station. The proposed work is also able to simultaneously maximize the number of EVs for charging and minimize the monetary expenses.