OTEM: Optimized Thermal and Energy Management for Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage in Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles (EV) pose challenges in terms of reliability and performance which are due to the stringent design constraints. For instance, an insufficient energy storage restricts the EV driving range. Highly dense battery packs providing EV with the required power, may generate extreme internal heat which causes the battery temperature to rise significantly and thereby results in reliability and safety issues. Moreover, both high battery utilization and temperature may degrade the battery capacity and Battery LifeTime (BLT), which should be extended as much as possible to postpone expensive battery replacement costs. Although, researchers have provided separate battery energy and thermal managements for EVs to address the above-mentioned challenges, in this paper, we are bringing a joint optimized solution. Hence, we introduce a novel metric Thermal and Energy Budget (TEB) in a Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage (HEES) with an active battery cooling system. Furthermore, we propose a novel Optimized Thermal and Energy Management (OTEM) methodology which optimizes the battery/ultracapacitor utilization, battery temperature, and thereby TEB, in order to improve the driving range, extend the BLT, and maintain the battery temperature in the safe zone. Our methodology provides significant improvement in BLT (on average 16.8%) and average energy consumption (on average 12.1% reduction) compared to the state-of-the-art methodologies.