How ICT changes quality assuarance in graduate education and research? From knowledge transfer to cognitive skill improvement

In the 21st century, technological revolution had made a great impact in diverse fields in society including higher education. Nowadays, ICT becomes one of the main elements of diverse educational systems/curriculums in graduate education and research. The important thing is that ICT is not just replacement of traditional teaching equipment like chalk, blackboard, pencil, and notebook but innovation of way for teaching and learning.