QoE-Enabled Big Video Streaming for Large-Scale Heterogeneous Clients and Networks in Smart Cities

The rapid growth of the next-generation communication and networks is bringing video services into more pervasive environments. More and more users access and interact with video content using different devices, such as smart televisions, personal computers, tablets, smartphones, and wearable equipments. Providing heterogeneous Quality of Experience (QoE) that supports a wide variety of multimedia devices is critical to video broadcasting over the next-generation wireless network. This paper reviews practical video broadcasting technologies and examines current requirements ranging from heterogeneous devices to transmission technologies. Meanwhile, various coding methodologies, including QoE modeling, scalable compression efficiency, and flexible transmission, are also discussed. Moreover, this paper presents a typical paradigm as an example for video broadcasting with large-scale heterogeneity support, which enables QoE mapping, joint coding, flexible forward error coding, and cross-layer transmission, as well as optimal and dynamic adaptation to improve the overall receiving quality of heterogeneous devices. Finally, a brief summary of the key ideas and a discussion of interesting open areas are summarized at the end of this paper along with a future recommendation.