Real-Time Management of Geomagnetic Disturbances: Hydro One's eXtreme Space Weather control room tools

Dusty records of Ontario Hydro's activities in the study of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and their effects on the power system go as far back as the late 1970s. In the early 1980s, a network of four GIC monitors was in place long before the notorious March 1989 geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) event that caused the Hydro Quebec blackout.