A Simplified Model for Predicting Primary Control Inadequacy for Nonresponsive Wind Power

The integration of wind power (WP) into power systems has led to concerns on the adequacy of primary frequency control. Such concerns have currently arisen in interconnections with high penetration of WP and may appear in other systems where high penetration of WP is planned. This paper proposes a method for predicting the level of WP penetration that may lead to primary frequency control inadequacy, considering a empirically-validated model of primary frequency control, worst-case scenario conditions and no frequency response from WP machines. The NORDEL interconnection is considered as a case study.