An energy efficient and reliable cluster-based adaptive MAC protocol for UWSN

Now-a-days, underwater sensor network (UWSN) technology is becoming more appealing to researchers because it has introduced a new flux in diversified fields like scientific exploration, commercial exploitation, disaster prevention etc. Since, underwater sensor nodes are battery operated, energy is a fundamental design aspect of UWSN's protocol . Besides, low capacity and high propagation delay introduce large number of packet loss in underwater communication. To, address these issues several medium access control (MAC) protocols have already been proposed. This survey aims to analyze and summarize these protocols and provide a comprehensive overview through comparison and simulation. Moreover, an energy efficient, reliable, cluster based adaptive MAC protocol (ERCAMAC) has been proposed to improve reliability and energy efficiency. Simulation results has proved that the proposed protocol provides superior performance in terms of energy saving and throughput over others.