Compact wide-band microstrip antennas for PCS and cellular phones

PCS and cellular telephones are required to operate well beside the human body. Microstrip antennas could be considered as one of the best candidates for such applications. Microstrip antennas are relatively easy to manufacture in a very accurate repeatable way. They may be fed by coupling and thus, there would not be any physical contact between the antenna and the RF circuit. Furthermore, it is relatively easy to separate the receive and the transmit bands of microstrip antennas to eliminate the duplexer or, at least, make it easy to design. Also, it is relatively easy to design dual-band internal integrated microstrip antennas for PCS and cellular telephones. Moreover, internal integrated microstrip antennas may utilize the E and H field component diversity technique which does not require an additional separate diversity antenna.