Ionospheric Effects of Geomagnetic Storms on 26–30 September 2011 in the Different Longitudinal Sectors and Their Impact on the HF Radio Wave Propagation

Ionospheric storm is associated with the chain of events and phenomena in space environment, beginning at the Sun transmitted through the magnetosphere into the thermosphere-ionosphere system. The Earth's ionosphere plays a key role in the space radio communication, radiolocation, navigation, and operation of the satellite navigation systems GLONASS/GPS. In this study, the parameters of the ionosphere-plasmasphere system during geomagnetic storms on 26–30 September 2011 were calculated using Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP).