High level model of SPAD based pixel

In this paper, a high level model of pixel containing a single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) followed by its readout circuit based on an analog counter is presented. This model takes into account the natural sources of photon (light sources) and dedicated noise. The photon distribution follows Poisson law process and the noise effect is modeled by a pulse sources. Figures of merit characterize the performance of SPAD, Photon Detection Probability (PDP), Dark Count Rate (DCR), Afterpulsing and Dead Time (DT) are taken into account in our model. The goal is to have a high level model of SPAD to optimize the design.