Review of biomechanical modelling of cortical bone stress fracture

Bone fracture in traumatic injuries can be act as fragile because of sudden loading happen over a short period time. Thus, it is important to study the framework on how human body resist to fracture. Human cortical bone is a long bone axis and has a complex structure to give a significant impact to resist of fracture resistance R in different cracking mechanism behavior. Fracture resistance depends on the toughening mechanism of bone where it's influenced the crack propagation. Therefore, the mode-mixity either in transverse, radial and longitudinal needs further investigation. This paper aims to review and purpose an idea of conducting numerical study on cortical bone stress fracture subjected to mixed-mode loading. Past studies have shown that the relation between the mechanical properties and loading rate of human bone system might changes the microstructure of bone. Little attention is paid to mixed-mode bone fracture investigation in relation to fracture toughness in human cortical bone under different cortices. Thus, the evaluation of stress intensity factor (K) and strain energy release rate (SERR) using J-integral approach is proposed to assess the elastic and plastic behavior of stress fracture in tibia cortical bone including Mode I and Mode II transverse and radial loading.