Digital confocal imaging of breast cancer using UWB-CMOS integrated circuits

A radar-based breast cancer detection and imaging system was developed by use of impulse-radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuits (CMOS-IC). Gaussian monocycle pulses (GMP) with 160 ps pulse-width was digitized by equivalent time sampling with 9.77 ps time resolution. The GMP signals were transmitted and received via 16 Ù 16 switching matrix with 4 × 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array. The digital confocal images of a cancer phantom target obtained by the CMOS integrated circuits was confirmed to be equivalent to the analog image with calibrating signal path delays.