The effect of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on macrophage activation

Titanium (Ti) and hydroxyapatite are used successfully as a bone substitute materials. However, sometimes such biomaterials are recognized as foreign bodies in the host, show undesirable effects. These unsuitable host immune response leads to inflammatory fibrotic capsule surround the implant. In the immune response, macrophages play a critical role. Nevertheless, the effect of macrophage on biomaterial-induced immune response is poorly understood. A non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) treatment on Ti could be applied to enhance initial cell attachment and osteogenic differentiation. However, research on macrophage polarization by NTAPPJ does not yet. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of NTAPPJ on expression of inflammatory cytokines of macrophage.