Free-breathing perfusion MRI using multislice pCASL

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a difference imaging method that is sensitive to motion between successive label and control acquisitions, restricting its use in the abdomen. Respiratory motion prediction (RMP) using an artificial neutral network (ANN) and navigator echoes was developed to enable free-breathing perfusion measurements of the kidney using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).