Configurable Multimode Digital Control for Light Load DC–DC Converters With Improved Spectrum and Smooth Transition

Efficiency in a light load dc-dc converter is improved by reducing the switching frequency with the load current. Further, a bifrequency operation (BFO) using pulse train (PT) control can achieve spread spectrum. Using discrete-time models, this paper shows that a stable periodic BFO is generally not achievable in existing PT control methods. Thereafter, a unified multimode digital control technique is proposed, in which a voltage-mode digital pulse-width-modulator (DPWM) is used to control a predefined periodic BFO. Beside the fixed-frequency DPWM, an extra multiplexer is considered for real-time configuration to: 1) bifrequency pulse frequency modulation; 2) PT control; or 3) pulse regulation control; or 4) pulse skipping control with smooth transition. Analysis and design methods are discussed to ensure periodic BFO and to customize the power spectrum with predictable ripple parameters. A buck converter prototype is made, and the proposed control is implemented using an FPGA device.