Low-Power Near-Threshold Design: Techniques to Improve Energy Efficiency Energy-efficient near-threshold design has been proposed to increase energy efficiency across a wid

Energy-efficient near-threshold design has been proposed to increase energy efficiency across a wide range of applications. This article first provides a background motivating near-threshold and how it differs from super-threshold and subthreshold operation. Next, state-of-the-art near-threshold techniques are summarized that help overcome barriers to near-threshold adoption, namely high variation at low voltage. Last, example industrial and academic wide-voltage scaling systems are discussed.