Localization of the ectopic spiral electrical source using intracardiac electrograms during atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major global health issue as it is the most prevalent supraventricular arrhythmia. Multiple ectopic electrical sources in the atria are believed to sustain AF. Catheter-based ablation of these sources is considered an effective AF treatment. Based on the Hough transform (HT), we propose a general framework that processes the atrial intracardiac electrograms (IEGMs) to localize the tip of an ectopic source with a spiral wavefront shape. Using the locations of the catheter's electrodes and the activation times of the IEGMs, we provide a method that can estimate the location of the tip of a spiral wavefront to be eliminated by ablation. By providing various examples, it is shown that the proposed method can accurately localize the tip of the spiral rotor.