Cat Swarm Optimization as Applied to Time-Modulated Concentric Circular Antenna Array: Analysis and Comparison with Other Stochastic Optimization Methods

In this communication, a 9-ring time-modulated concentric circular antenna array (TMCCAA) with isotropic elements has been studied based on an evolutionary optimization algorithm called cat swarm optimization (CSO) for the reduction of side lobe level (SLL) and improvement in the Directivity, simultaneously. The comparative case studies as Case-1 and Case-2 are made with three control parameters like interelement spacing in rings, interring radii, and the switching “ON” times of rings with the help of same algorithm. Experimental results show a considerable SLL reduction with respect to the uniformly excited case. The numerical results show Case-2 outperforms Case-1 with respect to SLL and Directivity. Apart from this, the powers radiated at the center/fundamental frequency and the first two sideband frequencies, and dynamic efficiency have been computed. It has been observed that as the sideband frequency increases, both the powers radiated by harmonic frequencies and sideband levels (SBLs) decrease.