Performance analysis of 2D and 3D antenna arrays for source localization

In the context of passive sources localization using an antenna array, estimation performance in terms of elevation and azimuth is related to the kind of estimator used, and also to the geometry of the considered antenna array. Although there are several available results in the literature about linear and circular arrays, other possible geometries have been less studied. In this paper, we study the impact of the array geometry for two kinds of antenna arrays: the so called V-shaped antenna array (2D) and its 3D extension. The Cramér Rao lower Bound (CRB) will be used in this context as a useful tool to find the optimal configuration. The performance of the proposed antenna arrays is verified by comparing its CRB to the one of the standard uniform circular antenna from both analytical and simulation results.