PMU placement for HVDC connected network considering united and islanded conditions

PMUs play an essential rule in monitoring and control of power network. However, it is not possible to install PMUs at all buses of network, due to economical and technical constrains. Therefore, optimal PMU placement (OPP) is done to obtain full observability of network with minimum number of PMUs and maximum redundancy. On the other hand, presence of HVDC links in power network and operating in islanded condition impose new constraints on OPP problem. Therefore, OPP considering all of mentioned goals is presented in this paper. Binary integer linear programming (BILP) is used as solver algorithm, due to linear and binary characteristics of problem. OPP is tested on IEEE 14-bus test system and different contingencies consist of single PMU failure, single line outage and occurrence of simultaneous events are studied and presented in the paper.