Time domain dielectric relaxation study on charging and discharging current of barium stannate titanate ferroelectric ceramics

Time domain measurement is an indispensable experimental method for ultralow frequency region (even lower than 1 Hz) and nonlinearity study of ferroelectric materials. The charging and discharging currents of BaTi
_1-x
Sn
_x
O
₃
(BTS) ceramics have been collected in both paraelectric and ferroelectric phases. Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) relation with two parameters (β and τ) was employed in discharging current analysis. Our results show that the higher β values in paraelectric phase indicate near Debye relaxation behavior, and lower β values in ferroelectric phase tie with possible diffusion controlled universal relaxation law (URL).