A novel method of decentralized battery energy management for stand-alone PV-battery systems

Uncertainty of renewable energy systems, namely Photovoltaic (PV) systems, and limitation of battery power charging and discharging are crucial issues for designing and managing battery storage systems of stand-alone renewable energy systems. The paper proposes the Decentralized Battery Energy Management (DBEM) method by separating string battery groups, for minimizing loss of power supply, cost of energy and wasted electrical energy. The Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA2) was applied for finding the optimum number of PV and battery modules, of a stand-alone PV-Battery system. It was found that the DBEM method can improve the reliability and energy efficiency. Furthermore, the numbers of PV and battery modules are decreased leading to lower cost of energy, of a stand-alone PV-Battery system.