Numerical Analysis of Carrier-Depletion Strained SiGe Optical Modulators With Vertical p-n Junction

The modulation characteristics of carrier-depletion strained SiGe optical modulators with a vertical p-n junction are numerically analyzed by technology computer-aided design simulation and finite-difference optical mode analysis. In addition to the strong optical confinement in the vertical direction for the fundamental transverse electric field mode, the vertical p-n junction effectively depletes the strained SiGe layer in which the plasma dispersion effect is enhanced owing to the mass modulation of holes by strain. We predict that a Si
_0.7
Ge
_0.3
optical modulator exhibits V
_π
L at 1.55 μm of as small as 0.31 V-cm at a bias voltage of -2 V, which is ~1.8 times smaller than that of a Si optical modulator. The product of V
_π
L and the phase-shifter loss (αV
_π
L) is also expected to be as low as 18.3 V-dB at -2 V, enabling optical modulation with a 5-dB extinction ratio in a symmetric Mach-Zehnder modulator.