Power system restoration planning with standing phase angle and voltage difference constraints

This paper considers the restoration of a transmission system after a significant disruption such as a natural disaster. It considers the Restoration Order Problem (ROP) that jointly considers generator dispatch, load pickups, and restoration prioritization to minimize the size of the blackout while satisfying the network operational constraints. The paper examines transient effects in power restoration and generalizes the ROP formulation with standing phase angle and voltage difference constraints in order to minimize rotor swings. Case studies indicated that the novel ROP-SPASVD formulation reduces rotor swings of synchronous generators by over 50%, while having a negligible impact on the blackout size (i.e., <; 1.5% increase), which is still optimized holistically.