Reliability Evaluation of Distribution Systems Including Vehicle-to-Home and Vehicle-to-Grid

This paper extends evaluation of reliability of the distribution system to incorporate electric vehicles' (EVs') contribution in different modes of operation. For each load point, two topologies-centralized and dispersed EV charging - are considered. During the islanding mode of operation, household demands can be supported by vehicle-to-home (V2H) and/or local vehicle-to-grid (V2G), depending on the charging topologies applied. In grid connected mode of operation, energy not supplied can be further reduced by interregional V2G, which allows energy exchange among load points through healthy mains and laterals by sectionalizing the failure parts of the grid. Evaluation methods are proposed to determine the capacity contribution of EVs for each scenario. For the scenario of interregional V2G, optimal power flow is conducted to maximize the energy exchange. From the results of a case study, V2H and V2G, on both local and system levels, show great promise for the reliability enhancement.