A power-efficient 4∶1 dynamic frequency divider with periodical injection technique

A dynamic 4:1 divider suitable for mm-wave frequency synthesizers is presented. Periodical injection technique is utilized to improve high frequency performance of the divider. The center frequency of the divider can be tuned through biasing to cover wide locking range. Simulation results show that the division frequency is improved 3 GHz with the proposed periodical injection technique. The maximum operating frequency extends to 29 GHz while the minimum is 7 GHz for 0.13 um CMOS technology. The 4:1 divider is power efficient which consumes 12mW excluding output buffers.