Broadband dielectric spectroscopy calibration for microliter samples of biogenic liquid

This paper reports on dielectric spectroscopy for microliter liquid samples using reference materials. In order to fully determine the calibration coefficients, air and water are used as known reference materials, while methanol is used as an unknown material, which is also used to validate the approach up to 5 GHz for which reference data is available. The method is then used up to 110 GHz for yeast cell suspensions and beef protein solutions.