Experiments And Numerical Simulations Of Nonlinear Effects In Long Distance Transmission

With the rapid progress in Er-doped fiber amplifiers(EDFAs), it has become possible to construct long distance transmission systems without conventional 3R regeneration. In practice, transoceanic and transpacific submarine cable systems using EDFAs are being installed in the near future[l]. This optical amplification technology has certainly changed aspect with regard to limiting factors for system performance: We are free essentially from restriction of the fiber loss. Due to high signal power and/or long interaction length, however, optical fiber nonlinearities could impair transmission characteristics together with ASE noise accumulation, and thus care should be taken on the nonlinearities in designing amplifier systems.