Impact of reduced system inertia as a result of higher penetration levels of wind generation

As a consequence of higher levels of wind generation on power systems, the inertia which has been provided by conventional synchronous generators is reduced as a result of the introduction of newer, variable speed generators. This includes double-fed induction generators (DFIG) and fully rated converter generators (FRCG). With reduced system inertia, the likelihood of higher rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) levels in response to major system events is increased. Higher RoCoF has possible implications for conventional generation and can cause inadvertent tripping of anti-islanding protection systems. This paper presents the simulation results of a model power system with varying levels of wind generation penetration and examines the possible measures available to enhance inertia. In particular, the paper considers the control system requirements for wind generators providing emulated inertia capabilities.