Monitoring of the piezoelectric properties and structural changes of the PMN-32%PT crystals during poling process

The poled lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-32%PT) crystals with different vibration modes may be used for development of novel high efficiency ultrasonic transducers due to high piezoelectric properties. Efficiency and better physical understanding of those technologies could be improved by proper measuring techniques enabling continuous monitoring of piezoelectric properties during poling process of the crystals which at the moment is missing.