Prelaunch Radiometric Characterization and Calibration of the S-NPP VIIRS Sensor

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a key instrument onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) spacecraft that was launched on October 28, 2011. VIIRS is designed to provide top of the atmosphere radiometric measurements and imaging of the entire planet Earth twice daily. It is a wide-swath (3040 km) cross-track scanning radiometer with spatial resolutions of 375 and 750 m at nadir for imaging and moderate bands, respectively. It has 22 spectral bands covering the spectrum between 0.4 and 12.5 μm, including 15 reflective solar bands and 7 thermal emissive bands. VIIRS observations are used to generate 22 environmental data records used by various operational applications and for climate research. This paper describes the prelaunch radiometric calibration and characterization methodologies used by the NASA VIIRS Characterization Support Team, including performance assessments for the reflective and emissive band radiometric calibration, the signal-to-noise ratios, dual gain transition, and dynamic range. Other aspects of the sensor performance such as scattered light response, response versus scan angle, polarization sensitivity, relative spectral response, and crosstalk will also be briefly described. A comprehensive set of performance metrics generated during the prelaunch testing program will be compared to the sensor requirements, and a list of lessons learned will be presented to enhance testing and performance assessment for future Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System VIIRS sensors.