Automated modelling of realistic multi-storey buildings and the impact of windows on small cell propagation

3D ray-optical propagation modelling for small cells on different floors can be considered as state-of-the-art technique. Nevertheless, it is restricted to buildings for which 3D building data is available. In order to allow coverage predictions for small cell networks with high density, we propose a novel method of heuristically creating artificial 3D building plans based on 2D building contours. By this, the 3D influence of a small cell, depending on the respective storey, the typical impact of walls, windows and doors, can be modelled in a realistic way.