Maximum network lifetime of directional sensor networks with dynamic coverage constraints

Directional sensors, such as cameras, are limited in their sensing angles, but are able to switch to different directions and cover the area of interest cooperatively. In directional sensor networks, how to prolong the network lifetime while satisfying certain coverage requirements is a fundamental problem since the sensors are powered by battery. In this paper, we propose scheduling schemes for directional sensor networks to maximize the network lifetime and satisfy the coverage requirements, which are designed to cover the point of interest as well as a specified ratio of area. Since the position of the point of interest may change time to time, dynamic coverage constraints are considered in this paper. Centralized and distributed scheduling algorithms are developed, respectively. Simulation results show that both algorithms can prolong the network lifetime significantly by balancing the energy consumption of the whole network.